1.Military equipment for Ukraine ($25.7 billion) First, it replaces equipment that has been or will be sent to Ukraine through presidential drawdown authority (PDA) ($13.4 billion). This authority allows the president to take weapons and munitions from U.S. stockpiles and send them to Ukraine. Although there is no statutory requirement to replace the equipment, Congress has provided funding to do so. If it had not, the resulting shortfalls would have badly hurt U.S. readiness. 直接援助给乌克兰的军事装备费用257亿美元,其中有134亿美元是从美军现役军火库中已经调用或者即将调用的物资装备,折合成美元财务费用的,类似的亏空需要美佬向其军火商下单补充美佬现役库存的. 这部分到底是个什么账上面根本没说清楚,到底是257亿还是已经给了134亿,还是有其他的257-134=123亿还要等待生产,这剩下的123亿不是当时4月通过法案就可能立即给乌克兰的,那要多久能给,现在给完了没有?没人说的清楚.
Ukraine-related military activities ($17 billion) funds the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI) ($13.8 billion) and U.S. intelligence operations ($3.3 billion). USAI provides funds for three things: training that Ukraine might need for new weapons, individuals, or units; the United States buying arms on the global market, which it has done extensively in the past to acquire Soviet-standard equipment that Ukrainian forces are accustomed to using; and Ukraine purchasing weapons and equipment directly from U.S. manufacturers. 与乌克兰有关的军事活动(170亿美元),为乌克兰安全的进行援助倡议(USAI)(138亿美元)和美国情报行动(33亿美元)提供资金 这部分费用包括给乌克兰提供新式武器(比如海马斯),人员单位培训费用; 在国际市场上购买苏制标准武器; 直接在美国军工厂下单的费用,这里注意不是和上面的有点矛盾吗,因此上面的257亿可以理解为是从美军现役武器直接调用的装备;
Economic support to Ukraine ($7.9 billion) assists the Ukrainian government in sustaining essential government services, including law enforcement. This support is structured as a loan, not a grant (section 508), in response to pressure from Republicans and former president Trump. There are detailed procedures by which the president can forgive the loans, giving the president a lot of authority. Essentially, the president can forgive the loans unless Congress takes specific action to disagree. Describing the procedures for these grants takes up three of the fourteen pages in the bill. 对乌克兰的经济支持(79亿美元)帮助乌克兰政府维持执法在内的基本政府服务,为了回应共和党人和前总统川普的压力,这种支持的结构是贷款,而不是赠款(第508条).总统有很大权限可以免除贷款,除非国会采取具体行动表示反对.在法案的14页中,描述这些拨款的程序占了3页. 就是这个费用是给司机政府的,不是军费哈
U.S. forces ($7.3 billion) pays for the heightened U.S. force presence in Europe. The United States initially surged 20,000 troops to Europe to reassure European allies. While the surge presence declined to around 10,000, the regular fiscal year 2024 budget does not fully cover the costs of these deployed forces. Funds mostly go to the U.S. Army, which received $4.9 billion for its operations and maintenance. 73亿美元用于美佬在欧洲加强驻军的费用,最初向欧洲增派了2万名士兵,以安抚欧洲盟友.虽然增兵人数下降到1万人左右,但2024财年的常规预算并不能完全支付这些部署部队的费用,资金主要流向美国陆军,美国陆军获得49亿美元用于作战和维护. 这个也没给乌克兰,打个比方,你在前方和毛子干,身边的国家有恐慌情绪,我派部队过去给他们增加点信心,这个要收钱的,怎么你没钱?没事我援助你这钱我先出了,算在援助项目里.嗯~~
Humanitarian aid ($2.5 billion) includes $1.6 billion for a special “assistance for Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia” fund, $300 million for counter-drug activities, and $100 million for demining. About $481 million supports Ukrainian refugees in the United States. Other U.S. governmental agencies ($335 million) includes $150 million for the Department of Energy’s nonproliferation activities. This has been a long-running effort to safeguard civilian power plants and hedge against nuclear incidents. There is also $98 million for research on medical devices, which is perhaps a worthwhile effort but entirely unrelated to the war in Ukraine. 人道主义援助(25亿美元),其中16亿美元是“欧洲、欧亚和中亚援助”特别基金,3亿美元用于禁毒活动,1亿美元用于排雷.大约有4.81亿美元用于支持在美国的乌克兰难民. 其他美国政府机构(3.35亿美元)包括用于能源部防扩散活动的1.5亿,目的是保护民用发电厂,防范核事故,还有9800万美元用于医疗设备的研究,这也许是一项值得做的努力,但与乌克兰战争完全无关。。
Second, it provides Ukraine with funding through the State Department’s Foreign Military Financing (FMF) program ($1.6 billion). This program provides grants and loans for allies and partners such as Ukraine to purchase weapons and munitions in the United States. The third and final element is enhancing the defense industrial base to increase production capabilities and develop more advanced weapons and munitions ($7.0 billion). For example, the bill includes funding to help the U.S. Army meet its monthly production goal of 100,000 155-millimeter (mm) shells by 2025. The United States currently produces around 40,000 shells per month, whereas Ukraine needs at least 100,000 shells per month and up to 180,000 for offensive operations. 前面257亿美元里面的257-134=123有其他用途,其中含了国务院的外国军事融资项目向乌克兰提供资金(16亿美元),注意是为乌克兰等盟国和伙伴在美国购买武器和弹药提供赠款和贷款. 还有一个是加强国防工业,以提高产能和开发更先进的弹药(70亿美元).例如,法案包括资助美国陆军实现到2025年每月生产10万枚155毫米炮弹的目标.当前月产能约4万发炮弹,而乌克兰每月至少需要10万枚,月需要18万枚才能发起进攻作战.