Table of Contents 目录：
Section 1: Biology and field data （树蜗牛的）特征与生境
——————1.1 Taxonomy 分类【第6页】
——————1.2 Morphology 形态【第9页】
——————1.3 Physiology 生理学【第10页】
——————1.4 Longevity 寿命【第10页】
——————1.5 Conservation status/Zoogeography/Ecology 物种现状【第11页】
——————1.6 Diet and feeding behaviour 食性与取食【第15页】
——————1.7 Reproduction 繁殖【第15页】
---（1.7.1待产期与子代）
---（1.7.2 发育）
——————1.8 Behaviour 行为【第18页】
---（1.8.1活动）
---（1.8.2捕食）
---（1.8.3社会行为与*行为）
Section 2: Management in Zoos and Aquariums 人工饲育
——————2.1 Enclosure 饲养容器的选择【第20页】
---（2.1.1 容器壁的处理）
---（2.1.2 垫材）
---（2.1.3 器材及其维护）
---（2.1.4 环境）
---（2.1.5 容器尺寸）
——————2.2 Feeding 喂食【第25页】
---（2.2.1 食物）
---（2.2.2 喂食方式）
---（2.2.3 水）
——————2.3 Social structure 蜗牛的社会结构【第28页】
---（2.3.1 基础社会结构）
---（2.3.2 改组结构）
---（2.3.3 混养）
——————2.4 Breeding 繁殖【第29页】
---（2.4.1 交配）
---（2.4.2 产卵）
---（2.4.3 幼体的饲养）
---（2.4.4 数量控制）
——————2.5 Behavioural 丰容【第33页】
——————2.6 Handling 处理【第33页】
---（2.6.1 个体识别）
---（2.6.2 触摸蜗牛）
---（2.6.3 运输）
---（2.6.4 如何确保蜗牛的安全）
——————2.7 Veterinary: Considerations for health and welfare 蜗牛的病害【第35页】
——————2.8 Specific problems 其它具体问题【第36页】
——————2.9 Recommended research 有前景的研究方向【第36页】
——————附录

正文：
【【【第6页】】】
1.1 Taxonomy
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Order: Stylommatophora
Family: Partulidae
Genera: Partula
Species Partula (100+)
These Best Practice Guidelines centre on the Partula genus, to which all the extant captive snails belong. The family includes two other genera, Eua (4 spp) and Samoana (25 spp), and although some species of the latter genus have been kept in captivity, they have proved very delicate and have not survived long term.
Common name: Polynesian tree snail is the general term, though some species in the genus live outside of the Polynesian realm. Some individual common names do exist, but they are virtually never used. On those islands where the snails played a cultural role (principally Huahine and Raiatea) the local Polynesian name for Partula was areho (ah-reh-ho). The general Polynesian name for shells is pupu (poo-poo).
A set of common names for extant species were approved in 2016, where possible using Tahitian translations of the scientific name. This list was created for those species current or recently in the captive programme, a concise and updated version is included here
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1.1 分类
门：软体动物门
纲：腹足纲
目：柄眼目
科：帕图螺科
属：Partula（实在找不到译名）
种：此属中有超过100个种
这篇指南的的描述对象正是Partula属的物种，目前所有可人工饲养的波利尼西亚树蜗牛都是这个属的成员。帕图螺科还包含另外两个属：Eua属（含4个物种）以及Samoana属（含25个物种）。Samoana属的物种曾被饲养过，但这些蜗牛很快用自己的生命证明了饲养它们的不可行性。
事实上，波利尼西亚树蜗牛是一个俗称，而并非严格的学术单位。有些Partula属物种生活在波利尼西亚地区之外，有些有它们自己的俗名，但都很少被提及。在波利尼西亚地区星罗棋布的岛屿上，波利尼西亚树蜗牛在岛民的文化中占据一席之地（多为Huahine或Raiatea）。波利尼西亚原住民称呼树蜗牛为“areho”（读音为ah-reh-ho），而这些蜗牛的波利尼西亚正式名则是“pupu”（读音poo-poo）。
2016年（政府）核准了这些树蜗牛的一套通用名称，以便于将波利尼西亚语和学术用语联系起来。这套体系的细则如下表。

【【【第9页】】】
（续表）

PS：上次公布分类后，该表有所变化。这些将被纳入下一次统计修订中。
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1.2 Morphology
It was the extraordinary polymorphism in shell size, shape, colour and banding patterns, and direction of coiling that attracted scientists to study the underlying genetic mechanisms of inheritance in the Partulidae. There is a wide range of intraspecific polymorphism in many species.
Shell length varies from around 12mm for species such as Samoana decussatula (Hiva Oa) to almost 30mm in P. calypso (Palau). Shells can be thin and translucent as is found in many species of the genus Samoana and two or three species of Partula, or thicker and more robust as in most species of Partula and Eua, and a few Samoana. Their shape ranges from long and slender to squat and globose. Shells can also vary in chirality, the majority being dextral (coiling to the right when viewed from above) but some species are sinistral (left ‘handed’) with a few having both left and right-handed shells in the same species. Chirality can be an isolating mechanism in evolution, and many species were seen to be actively evolving hence their scientific interest.
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正是树蜗牛壳的大小、形状、颜色、带形和手性的异常多样性吸引了生物学家们研究它们的遗传机制。很多树蜗牛种类存在极显著的种内多态性。
有壳长12mm左右的Samoana decussatula (Hiva Oa) ，也有壳长达30mm的P. calypso (Palau)；Samoana属和Partula属少数物种身上的壳薄而透明，而Partula和Eua属多数物种乃至 Samoana属一些物种的壳则很厚实；壳的形状有细长的、可以是矮胖的，甚至可以是近球形的；壳的手性也有所不同，大多数是右旋，而少数为左旋。甚至有那么一些，同种中同时出现左右旋。手性可以是一种进化中的隔离机制，因此人们认为许多树蜗牛进化得相当积极，这使它们具有独特的科学意义。

【【【第10页】】】

（Partula suturalis的种内多态性）
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（接上页）
Adult snail live weights can vary from around 1.9 grams in Partula tohiveana, one of the larger species, to only 0.5g in P. garrettii, one of the smallest.
Among approximately 60 species of partulids from the Society Islands, 29 have banded morphs, but only 5 out of the approximately 70 species of partulids beyond the Society Islands have banded morphs (Johnson et al 1992). Crampton (1932) designated 11 colour varieties and 11 banding varieties among Moorean Partula. Polymorphisms also exist in direction of coiling (on Tahiti and Moorea), mantle colour, proteins and mitochondrial DNA and these are reviewed in Johnson et al 1992.
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较大物种（Partula tohiveana）成体的鲜重达1.9克，而像P. garrettii这样的侏儒则仅重0.5克。
在社会群岛的约60种波利尼西亚树蜗牛中有29种呈带状分布，但在分布于社会群岛之外的约70个种中仅有5种呈现带状分布趋势。Crampton (1932)划定了波利尼西亚树蜗牛的11个颜色标准及11个地域标准【此句存疑】。
波利尼西亚树蜗牛的手性、外套膜颜色、蛋白质乃至线粒体DNA也同样存在多态性。（来自约翰逊，1992）
1.3 Physiology
There appears to be little published information on the physiology of the Partulidae, though Kondo and Burch (1979) have made anatomical studies on genitalia, ostensibly for taxonomic purposes.
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1.3 生理学
虽然Kondo 和 Burch (1979)在表观上出于分类学的目的对树蜗牛生殖器进行了解剖研究，人们树蜗牛的生理结构仍然所知甚少。
1.4 Longevity
Partula are relatively slow-growing, long-lived and slow-reproducing land snails. P. taeniatafrom Moorea lives for at least 5 years after achieving maturity (Murray and Clarke 1984) and one individual was recorded as living for 17 years in the laboratory (Johnson et al 1992).
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1.4 寿命
Partula属的物种都是生长缓慢、寿命悠长、繁殖缓慢的陆生蜗牛。原产茉莉雅岛的 P. taeniata在性成熟后能活5年以上（来自Murray和Clarke，1984），而一个个体在实验室中存活了17年（来自Johnson等人，1992）。

【【【第11页】】】
（接上页）
In general, they can be said to take about 1 year to reach maturity and live up to 10 years,although this can vary with species.
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通常来说，这些树蜗牛达到性成熟需要 一年左右的时间，而最长寿命可达10年，虽然这可能因物种而异。
Field data
1.5 Conservation status/Zoogeography/Ecology
The snail family Partulidae, endemic to many of the volcanic islands of the South Pacific, have an enormous geographical range, from Palau, east of the Philippines, to the Marquesas Islands, 8500 km away to the west. Yet there are only three genera throughout: Eua (4 species) in Tonga and Samoa, Samoana (25 species) from east of Fiji to the Marquesas, and Partula (100+ species) from Belau to the Austral Islands. The epicentre of their evolutionary radiation is in the Society Islands of French Polynesia, where more than half of the recognised species were found, though their taxonomy has only recently been largely clarified (Gerlach, 2016). They are small, relatively inconspicuous, inhabitants of the forested slopes of many South Pacific volcanic islands, existing on the stems, trunks and undersides of leaves of many species of plant. There is evidence of microhabitat partitioning where species coexisted (Murray et al. 1982). Most species live at lower elevation, especially along the forested slopes of valleys, but there are a few high altitude species and some are found almost to the coast.
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关于分布地域
1.5 保护现状/动物地理学/生态学（方面的数据）
帕图螺科仅分布在南太平洋上众多的火山岛上。其分布范围很广，从菲律宾东部的帕劳到向西8500千米外的马克萨斯群岛都有它们的踪迹。
然而，本科仅含3个属：分布于汤加和萨摩亚的Eua属（含4个种）、分布于斐济到马克萨斯之间地带的Samoana属（暂译萨摩亚蜗牛属，含25个种），以及分布于帕劳至南方群岛地带的Partula属（暂译为帕图螺属，含100余个种）。它们辐射演化的中心位于法属波利尼西亚的社会群岛，因为在这片区域分布着此科中超过一半的物种，虽然它们的分类学直到最近才被基本澄清（来自Gerlach，2016）。
它们是小而不显眼的物种，分布在南太平洋许多火山岛的坡地森林中，栖居于多种植物的茎、树干和叶背。有证据表明，多种树蜗牛共存时会发生微生境的划分（来自Murray等，1982）。大多数物种生活在海拔较低的地方，特别是山谷两侧的森林坡地，但也有一些是高海拔物种，还有些物种靠近海岸分布。

（帕图螺科的自然分布：灰线代表Eua属，深绿色代表萨摩亚蜗牛属，浅绿色代表帕图螺属）
（来自Cowie，1992）
Despite some localised habitat loss, the biggest threat to the Partulidae has been from introduced predators, in particular the Rosy wolf snail Euglandina rosea and more recently the New Guinea flatworm Platydemus manokwari. As a result, most surviving species are IUCN Red listed as Critically Endangered (CR) or Extinct in the Wild (EW), see species list in 1.1 for full details. An integrated conservation breeding plan has been running since 1994(Mace et al 1998)
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尽管局部栖息地有所丧失，但帕图螺属面临的最大威胁来自入侵的食肉动物，特别是 玫瑰狼蜗（Euglandina rosea）和最近被引进的新几内亚扁虫（Platydemus manokwari）。
因此，大多数幸存的物种被国际自然保护联盟红色名录列为极危（CR）或野外灭绝（EW），在1.1第7、8页的表中可见细部。（由于这些严重的威胁）自1994年以来，人们一直在实施一项综合保育计划（来自Mace等，1998）。

12~14页是关于树蜗牛保育项目的历史。
此项目完全为波利尼西亚树蜗牛的保护和繁育而设立，开始于1986年，至今仍在继续。
由于跟树蜗牛没啥直接联系，加上字多，所以不翻译了。
如有兴趣，欢迎查阅原文。

这页主要是关于食物，私认为值得细读
【【【第15页】】】
1.6 Diet and feeding behaviour
Wild partulids are principally detritivores, feeding on a range of different decaying plant material from both endemic and introduced species. Some species are associated with specific plant habitats, whereas others are herbivorous generalists.
On Moorea, Hibiscus tiliaceous (purau in Tahitian) is the species most often associated with Partula feeding habits. Many species were found living in stands of Climbing pandanus Freycinetia impavida(‘ie’ie), which traps leaf litter from the Hibiscus canopy. In comparison, Partula rosea from Huahine were usually found high in the leaf whorls of Screwpine trees Pandanus tectorius(fara), with no direct upper canopy. The snails remain fastened to leaves during dry periods but emerge to feed and mate when it rains, mostly at night.
The chemical components of the dried outer stalk layer of field-collected H. tiliaceous have been analysed in the laboratory, and gave 9.6% moisture, 6.4% ash, 1.8% protein and 1.1% fat, 24.4% crude fibre, with carbohydrates assumed by difference to be 56.3% (PNL report, 1991). A wider range of partulid associated Polynesian plants have also been analysed.
Gerlach did a study in 2014 looking at the gut contents of alcohol specimens collected from Moorea in the 1960’s. Samples from 8 species indicated that they could be placed in four main ecological groups, with some overlap: detritivores, omnivores, plant grazers and fungal feeders. The surviving species in the captive programme (tohiveana, mooreana, taeniata, suturalis and mirabilis) mainly fitted the detritivore group.
One species on Moorea, Partula exigua, was the only known partly predatory species of Partula, eating other snails (Johnson et al, 1993). It is possible that larger snails do sometimes eat newborns, perhaps mainly to re-ingest calcium (as evidenced by otherwise unexplained disappearance of newborns in containers in captivity).
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1.6 食性与取食
野生帕图螺以食腐为主，以多种不同的凋落物为食，其来源包括本土植物与被引进的植物。有一些蜗牛于特定植物组成的生境相联系，而另一些则来者不拒。
在茉莉雅岛，木槿属的Hibiscus tiliaceous（的腐叶）是最被蜗牛接受的食物。还有许多物种被发现生活在露兜树科 藤露兜树属的藤本植物Freycinetia impavida（在当地语中叫‘ie’ie）上，这种植物常能接住木槿的落叶。分布于胡阿希内岛（Huahine）的Partula rosea通常出现在露兜树Pandanus tectorius（被称为fara）的叶轮中，且上方无遮蔽物。蜗牛在干旱时期仍固定在树叶上，但在下雨时会爬来爬去以觅食和交配，通常是在晚上。
人们已在实验室中分析过H. tiliaceous（见上，木槿属）之干燥茎秆的化学组成，结果如下：
9.6%水分；6.4%灰分；1.8%蛋白质；1.1%脂肪；24.4%粗纤维，再由差值得出碳水化合物含量为56.3%。
更多与帕图螺相关的本土植物的化学成分也已被分析。
Gerlach在2014年做了一项研究，研究了1960年代从茉莉雅岛采集的酒精浸制树蜗牛标本的肠道内容物。来自8个物种的样本表明，这些蜗牛可分为4个主要生态群，部分有重叠：腐生者、杂食者、草食者和食菌者。能在人工环境下存活的物种（tohiveana、mooreana、taeniata、suturalis和mirabilis）几乎都是腐生的品种。
茉莉雅岛上的Partula exigua是已知唯一具捕食性的帕图螺科物种，以其它蜗牛为食（来自Johnson等人，1993）。较大的蜗牛有时会吃掉幼体，可能是为了摄取钙（在饲养容器中幼体的神秘消失证明了这一点）。

【【【第16页】】】
Reproduction is year round but may be influenced by wetseason/dry season, although this is generally minimal (Trevor Coote, perscomm). Note that eggs are occasionally produced, but these are normally infertile developments with no visible embryo, or remnants of egg shell may be seen around a presumed premature birth.
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树蜗牛的繁殖是全年性的。虽然可能受到旱雨季的影响，但这种影响通常是极小的（来自Trevor Coote, pers comm）。有时树蜗牛会直接产出卵，但这些卵通常是不育的，根本没有可见胚胎。假如树蜗牛早产或仓促产卵，残留的卵壳也可能被一并产出。
1.7.2 Developmental stages to sexual maturity
Growth from newborn to adult is continuous, with shell shape changing dependant on the species. All stop growing in size at adult, with most species (particularly in Partula) forming a thickened lip around the shell opening defining maturity.
In captivity four developmental stages were defined at the start of the formal breeding programme, particularly when it was important to monitor growth and keep separate generations. These categories are also used to help identify age of wild specimens. These aregenerally identified as follows, although they do depend upon species size –

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1.7.2 发育
树蜗牛从出生开始便不断成长直至性成熟，壳的形状会因物种不同而在这个过程中不断改变。树蜗牛在达到性成熟后便停止生长，大多数种类（尤其是帕图螺属）在壳口周围形成一圈加厚的唇，这是它们成年的标志。
在饲养过程中，（每一个）正式的育种计划开始时我们就划分出（该种）树蜗牛的四个发育阶段，尤其是在需要监控生长或者需要保持不同世代（之间的年龄差）的时候。这些标准也可以用于确定野生标本的年龄。
虽然这些标准取决于物种的大小，但通常可以这样划分：
——壳长在5mm以下的是【新生幼体】
即使同种蜗牛刚出生时也会大小不一，但在种间尤其明显。由于单个蜗牛通常难以识别，“新生幼体”这个概念的重点在于要包括所有出生不久的幼体（以更全面的获取数据）。
——壳长在5mm以上但不是亚成体的蜗牛被称为【幼年体】
在壳长达到或超过5mm后，所有树蜗牛都表现出生长发育的迹象（因为已知最大的新生幼体壳长5mm）。幼年体包括新生幼体和亚成体之间的蜗牛。
——体型接近成年但没有壳唇的蜗牛被称为【亚成体】
确定蜗牛已经成年但还未性成熟是很重要的，尤其是要保持世代（年龄差）的时候。亚成体的大小与该物种成体的大小直接相关，因此（因物种不同）在10~30mm（壳长）内波动。这个阶段很短暂，但有助于确定大幼年体是否接近成年。
——有可见壳唇的蜗牛是【成体】
完全成熟的帕图螺在壳口常有一个加厚的唇，壳的大小停止增长。这是四个阶段中唯一能够生殖的阶段（也是它们生命中最长的阶段）。一旦壳唇形成，蜗牛就达到了性成熟。

【【【第17页】】】
（接上页“成体”部分）
as full thickening of the lip is usually very quick (within 1 week).
壳唇的增厚过程通常很快，在一周内就能完成。

Partula mirabilis (l-r) adult, subadult, juvenile, newborn
Partula mirabilis的成体、亚成体、幼年体、新生幼体（从左至右）。

Underside of Partula tohiveana adult (left, with lip) and subadult (no lip)
Partula tohiveana成体（左侧，有壳唇）与亚成体（右侧，无壳唇）的腹侧。
Although generally this applies to all species, there are some caveats. For example, when this system was first implemented, all captive species did not give birth to young above 5mm in shell length. This changed when P. faba was first collected, as this large species was able to produce young of around 5mm (although sadly this species has not survived long term)
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这些标准通常在所有物种身上都是适用的，但也有些需要注意的地方。例如，在首次划定这些标准时，所有饲养环境下的物种都未产出壳长达5mm的幼体，直到P. faba被收集到，这个大型种能产出壳长5mm左右的幼体（不过令人悲伤的是，这个物种并没能在人工环境中长期存活）。

【【【第18页】】】
Also, some species have a lip which does not flare outwards thatvisibly but is clearly thickened when viewed from the underside of shellaperture – examples are Partula navigatoria and P. garrettii
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除此之外，有些种类的壳唇在成熟时并不明显向外翻卷，但当从壳口下方观察时能发现它的壳口变得很厚——如Partula navigatoria和P. garrettii。
1.8 Behaviour
1.8.1 Activityand locomotion
In dry weatherpartulid snails seal themselves to their substrate but emerge and are moreactive after rain, especially at night, when they tend to move from restingunderneath leaves to actively foraging.
Experiments havedetermined the rate of dispersal of Partula taeniata at a mean of 2.8m (SD1.6m) movement from the sites of their original capture (Murray and Clarke1984) after 5 years. The maximum recorded gene flow measurements of 10 m after1 year, and 27 m after 13 years have been obtained. These measurementsconfirmed the hypothesis of very small neighbourhoods - approximately 200 m2 .Accelerated range expansion has occurred through the establishment of populationsby rare long-distance movements (passive dispersal) (Nichols and Hewitt, 1994).Recent re-introductions to the wild have shown strong upward dispersal afterrelease (Coote et al 2019)
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1.8 行为
1.8.1 活动
在天气较干燥时树蜗牛会把它们自己粘在附着的地方，但在雨后会探出壳外并变得更加活跃，尤其是在夜里，此时它们多从栖身的树叶下爬走并开始积极觅食。
经过5年的实验，已经由实验确定了Partula taeniata从原捕获地（以这样的方式）向周围扩散的范围均值为2.8米（标准差1.6米）（来自Murray和 Clarke1984），测量了两个基因流动距速率极值：1年10米和13年27米，证实了关于树蜗牛“小型种群”的假说——一个种群仅生存在约200平方米的狭小范围内。罕见的长距离移动能建立新的种群，加速该种生存范围的扩展（来自Nichols和Hewitt，1994）。
（除此之外），近年放归野外的树蜗牛展现了强大的垂直扩散能力。
1.8.2 Predation
Naturalpredators of Partulid snails would have been few but included native birds andlizards. Polynesians used to collect the snails for ornaments such as necklacesknown in Tahitian as ‘hei’, but there was no evidence of this significantlyaffecting wild populations. The introduction of alien predators has been themain recent threat (see 1.5).
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1.8.2 捕食
波利尼西亚树蜗牛的天敌原本很少，包括一些本地的鸟类和蜥蜴。波利尼西亚人收集蜗牛并制作成装饰品，如在塔希提岛被称为“hei”的项链。不过，没有证据表明这显著影响了树蜗牛的野外种群数量。
外来物种的入侵才是近代以来主要的威胁（见1.5）。

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1.8.3 Social andsexual behaviour
Snails ofseveral species of Partula used to be found in very high adult numbers insuitable habitat before the impact of predators, with densities of 20 per metre(Johnson et al 1993). In contrast, some Samoana would only be seen individuallyor in small numbers, however this may be linked to them being more montane.Young stages were rarely seen, especially newborns, which are obviously harderto observe but also either hide effectively in foliage or were more elevated.
Where differentspecies were found in the wild, they were rarely found together, with theexpectation that each had some subtle preference for niche usage. A maximum ofthree sympatric species were found on Moorea (Johnson et al, 1993).
Mating behaviouris similar to other terrestrial snails, though partulids do not fire‘love-darts’ as is observed in many other families. Courtship behaviour hasbeen described by Lipton (1979) and Lipton and Murray (1979).
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1.8.3社会行为与性行为
在受到捕食者的影响前，曾发现过几种帕图螺成体在合适的栖息地中有巨大的种群数量，密度达到20只每平方米（来自Johnson等，1993）。相比之下，一些萨摩亚蜗牛属成员只会单独或少量出现，不过这可能是由于它们（的居住地）更加山地化。幼体很难见到，尤其是新生幼体，它们（由于体型的原因）很明显难以观察，且在枝叶间隐藏的更好，抑或是生活在更高的植被上。
野外不同种类的树蜗牛很少共存，人们猜测这是由于每个种都有其微妙的生态位偏好。在茉莉雅岛上最多能有三个物种共存（来自Johnson等，1993）。
（树蜗牛的）交配行为与其它陆贝相似，但帕图螺并不会像其它很多陆贝一样使用“恋矢”。Lipton和Murray（1979）对其求偶行为进行了描述。

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Section 2: Management in Zoos and Aquariums
Partulid species and sub-species maintained in the International conservation breeding programme (as of January 2018)：

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第二部分：人工饲育
国际保护性繁育计划（截至2018年1月）中包括的种和亚种一览：
The captive maintenance of partulid snails has evolved over time into the main recommended procedure as follows. Although some experimentation has taken place, the snails do seem sensitive to change, and therefore caution is advised with any deviation from this procedure (which should only be considered with agreement from the species co-ordinator). The current protocols have worked very well for the majority of species so should be adhered to, unless agreed experimentation with snails deemed as excess stock.
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随着时间的推移，已经发展出了一套针对帕图螺的饲育方法。虽然已经进行了一些实验，但树蜗牛似乎对变化非常敏感，因此任何偏离此程序的地方均应谨慎行事（只有在征得专业人士同意的情况下才应考虑创新）。目前的饲育方式对大多数物种都很有效，因此应该遵守，除非您获准使用被认为是过剩的蜗牛进行试验。
Note these intensive ‘artificial’ rearing methods have proved very successful over the long term (several decades without supplementation from the wild) for most taxa. The snails have never thrived in naturalistic enclosures e.g. with plants and soil substrate, and there has been very limited success with releases into biome-type forest displays, but no long-term survival.
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注：对大多数帕图螺而言这种密集的“人工”饲养取得了长期的成功（几十年来没有自野生环境补充个体）。（人工繁殖的）蜗牛从未在自然环境中，如在植物和土壤基质中，繁衍生息。那些被释放到具备完整生物群落的森林中的人工个体所取得的成功非常有限，更别提长期存活了。

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2.1 Enclosure 饲养空间的选择
Although populations of snails are maintained in a number of individual containers, a key enclosure consideration is the wider room environment in which they are held. Ideally this should be a dedicated animal room capable of providing the required temperature and humidity range (20-24˚C and 60 – 80% respectively). See 2.1.4 for environment details.
It is recommended the room where the snails are held is self-contained for maintenance and improved quarantine, with shelving racks, worktops, dedicated equipment and spare container storage and a sink/drainer plus room for a dishwasher. The room should have a threshold to allow suitable quarantine, with isolation from other species (particularly molluscs) and use of lab coats. If possible, this facility should be on display, where the public can see the snails and staff maintaining them, with interpretation to explain the story. A variety of suitable graphic information is available to share, see EAZA Committee for assistance.
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尽管帕图螺种群被保存在一些独立容器中，较充裕的饲育环境仍是一个关键的考虑因素。理想情况下，这应该是一个能够提供其所需温湿度范围（温度20-24℃，相对湿度60–80%）的专用容器。详情见2.1.4。
建议使用单独的房间容纳蜗牛，以便养护或分盒饲养。房间中应配备货架、工作台、饲养设备、空容器箱、能排水的水槽，还另需安装洗碗机的空间。房间应当有专门的隔断以阻挡外面的其它生物（特别是软体动物），在内应着实验服。如果可能，此设施应面向公众开放，他们可以看到蜗牛和养护蜗牛的过程，并附带讲解。
（EAZA可以共享各种合适的图像资料，详情请咨询EAZA委员会）
Room design should also consider details such as having easily cleaned surfaces for sterilising. The floor should be of a ‘soft’ material such as linoleum, rather than stone or concrete where a dropped snail is more likely to be damaged on impact.
Individual enclosure design has evolved greatly from the initial lab-based keeping system of small plastic sandwich boxes (11cm wide by 17cm long by 5cm deep). Although these units are still used in a small number of cases (where very small populations are being maintained) comparative keeping trials have resulted in the current standard aquarium glass tanks (3mm glass with simple silicon sealant joins). The two main sizes in use are 40cm long by 25cm wide by 30cm high and the larger 50cm long by 25cm wide by 30 cm high. The former size is designed to allow a good fit of standard hygiene roll tissue to make maintenance easier.
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房间设计还应考虑细节，如采用易于清洁消毒的表面材料。地面应当采用“软”的材料比如油毡，而不是石头或混凝土，因为掉下来的蜗牛更容易在与硬质地面的撞击中受伤。
自最初实验室采用的小型塑料快餐盒（11厘米宽，17厘米长，5厘米高），饲养容器已经得到了很大的发展。尽管这种盒子仍在少数情况下使用（饲养少量蜗牛），但实际经验已确定了目前采用的水族玻璃箱（壁厚3毫米，简单的硅胶密封连接）。常用的尺寸是40厘米长，25厘米宽，30厘米高和较大的50厘米长，25厘米宽，30厘米高。前一种尺寸与标准卫生纸很契合，使维护更加便捷。