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拿破仑如何看待罗伯斯庇尔,转载外网文章

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据称,拿破仑非常高度评价罗伯斯庇尔兄弟。他与马克西米连的弟弟奥古斯丁相当熟悉,这是通过另一位共同的熟人──一位叫安托万·克里斯托夫·萨利塞蒂的科西嘉人介绍的。拿破仑和奥古斯丁在图卢恩相遇,在那场命运攸关的围城战中,拿破仑展现了他作为一名极有能力的指挥官。奥古斯丁曾写信给他的兄弟,「我会把公民布纳帕尔特这位荣誉市民的名字添加到爱国者的名单中,他是大炮兵的总司令,一位有卓越功绩的军官。他是一个抵抗了保利的人,并且由于这个原因,他的财产被这个叛徒洗劫一空。」
被如此强烈的言辞赞扬在早期就为拿破仑留下了印记,甚至比较知名的拉扎尔·奥什等人,或是他晚年最有能力的元帅之一安德烈·马塞纳-马恩省还要更多。
在早期,拿破仑受到如此强烈的言词赞扬,这使他在革命初期的几年中留下了深刻的印记,甚至比较知名的拉札尔·奥什或是他晚年最有能力的元帅之一安德烈·马塞纳-马恩省还要更多。
革命初期的头几年,拿破仑是一名忠实的雅各宾派支持者,也是年长的罗伯斯庇尔的坚定崇拜者。在1797年2月的一次著名晚宴上,拿破仑也在场,他对罗伯斯庇尔进行了颂词,称他为「这位在众人之上的人」,并且是「自从革命开始以来,法国唯一拥有的坚强政府的创造者!」他经常以这种方式强烈批评继罗伯斯庇尔统治之后的政府机构──执政五人会。
他从未见过马克西米连。在热月九日(1794年7月27日),罗伯斯庇尔和公共安全委员会内的几名同事,以及巴黎公社的其他支持者,失去了权力,并在第二天被斩首处决。不久之后,拿破仑因为与奥古斯丁的不幸联系,被以嫌疑叛国的罪名逮捕,无疑是萨利塞蒂为了保住自己的脖子而搞的阴谋。由于缺乏证据,他被释放了,但这件事只是使罗伯斯庇尔在拿破仑心中永垂不朽。他从未真正放弃他自己的「雅各宾派」立场,有时会展示出与罗伯斯庇尔曾经表现出来的同样无情的报复心。这在伊比利亚战争期间表现得尤为明显,雅各布宾派的意识形态在拿破仑的地缘战略思维中扮演了重要角色,尤其是涉及对抗西班牙波旁家族和领导抵抗他的天主教神职人员的问题上。
这份钦佩的诚意几乎不容怀疑,因为他一直持续着,甚至一直延续到他在圣赫勒拿的流亡生活。他经常沉思他们,并敦促他的听众不要轻易判断「一个属于历史领域的角色」。尽管有关他们的言论常常被指责,但他们是举足轻重的,并且并非卑劣的人物。很少有人能够留下他们所留下的印记。



IP属地:中国台湾来自Android客户端1楼2023-08-09 17:54回复
    原文:By all accounts, Napoleon regarded the Robespierre brothers very highly. He was somewhat well-acquainted with Augustin, younger brother to Maximilien, whom he met through another mutual acquaintance - a fellow Corsican named Antoine Christophe Saliceti. Napoleon and Augustin met each other at Toulon, during that fateful siege in which Napoleon would show himself to be a highly capable commander. Augustin wrote to his brother, “I would add to the list of patriots the name of citizen Buonaparte, general in chief of the artillery, an officer of transcendent merit. He is a man who resisted Paoli’s caresses, and who [as a result] saw his property ravaged by this traitor.”
    Being praised with such a strong language marked Napoleon early on, even more-so than the better-known Lazare Hoche, or one of his most capable marshals in later years, André Masséna.


    IP属地:中国台湾来自Android客户端2楼2023-08-09 17:55
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      Napoleon for the first few years of the Revolution was a dedicated Jacobin and a strong admirer of the elder Robespierre. During a famous dinner in February 1797 at Ancona in which Napoleon was in attendance, he eulogized Robespierre as “this man who was superior to all around him,” and “the creator of the only strong government France has had since the start of the Revolution!” He would often strongly criticize the Directory that followed Robespierre’s rule in such a vein.
      He never met Maximilien. On 9th Thermidor Year II (July 27, 1794), Robespierre and a few associates within the Committee of Public Safety, as well as other supporters from the Paris Commune, fell from power and were guillotined the next day. Soon after, Napoleon, having had the now unfortunate association with Augustin, was arrested for suspicion of treason, no doubt through the contrivance of Saliceti to save his own neck. He was released due to lack of evidence, but the event simply immortalized Robespierre for Napoleon. He never truly abandoned his own “jacobinism” and would at times display the same ruthless vengeance that Robespierre was once capable of. This was markedly true during the Iberian war, in which jacobin ideology played a large part in Napoleon’s geo-strategic thinking, especially as regards the Spanish Bourbons and the Catholic clergy that led the resistance against him.


      IP属地:中国台湾来自Android客户端3楼2023-08-09 17:56
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        Little could be doubted of the sincerity of this admiration, for he carried it on for much of the rest of his life, even up to his exile at St. Helena. He would often ruminate about them and urge his listeners not to judge so easily “a character who belongs to the domain of history. Despite what is commonly said against them, they are singular, and do not have despicable characters. Few men have left the mark that they have.”


        IP属地:中国台湾来自Android客户端4楼2023-08-09 17:56
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