【番外4 ·对核试验照片中白烟的解释】-2
〖心算能力渣到爆的美国佬
盗火成功以后的普罗米修斯们一如既往的蠢,计算机一如既往的渣,50年代的核试验除了把阻拦气球换成拖烟火箭/探空火箭毫无长进。在核试验前几秒,研究者先在核爆拟定地点,施放多枚探空火箭,在核试验空域留下“又粗又长”的白色烟雾尾迹。而当核装置爆炸时,研究者就能像当年三位一体核试验那样,利用光学折射原理记录冲击波啦。
没图说个XX,Attention plz, 楼主要开车了。
〖数据〗:格林尼治时间1952年4月1日17:00,美国内华达测试点(Nevada Test Site)五号区域,核装置当量为1000吨。由一架B50空投,空爆爆高241米(793 foot)
大家还记得〖SSD图示〗 那一节被摧毁的那栋房子吗?还是那次核试验,这下上彩图咯!
〖数据〗:格林尼治时间1953年3月17日,“结果-节孔”Operation Upshot–Knothole,代号“安妮”,当量为1.6万吨
“结果-节孔”Operation Upshot–Knothole是一系列核试验,什么安妮啊,南希啊,赛门啊,肉丝啊,一大堆代号,总共11次核试验。下图展示的是其中一项名为高潮Climax的核试验。(为什么这章我写的这么污,好吧,还是把Climax翻译成“顶点”算了)
〖数据〗:格林尼治时间1953年6月4日11:15,美国内华达测试点(Nevada Test Site)七号区域,核装置当量为6.1万吨,空爆爆高406米(1334 foot)。
【注:大家注意到左边的火箭了吧,这货就是苦逼美帝科学家们用的探空火箭】
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再贴一段有关50年代利用拖烟火箭/探空火箭观测冲击波的原文(楼主嫌麻烦不翻译了,有兴趣的吧友可以去直接看Reflections of a Nuclear Weaponeer)
My attention was drawn to the role and functions of the Naval Ordnance Laboratory's rocket generated smoke trails that formed a vertical grid behind the burst point. Everett (Everett Cox - CS) explained to me that Greg Hartmann's NOL staff, in conjunction with the EG&G photography team, used the smoke trails to record the shock front as a function of space and time, from which they could calculate the shock velocity, which in turn, with the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions, gave the shock overpressure versus space around the burst."Aren't the smoke trials way in back of the detonation?" I queried. "And they didn;t appear to have beeen hot by the blast until quite late.?" "Thant's right," Cox elaborated, "the high density air immediately behind the shock front causes a refraction break in the apparent position of the smoke trails." I see, that's neat." "If you want to define the shock front conditions, however," I continued, "couldn't you also define the shock conditions on the interior of the blast wave by observing the compression of the smoke and also measuring the particle velocity?" "I guess so," responded Everett, but it sound pretty complicated to me."
参考文献:Shelton, F H 1988, Reflections of a Nuclear Weaponeer, Shelton Enterprise Inc, pp. 6-14.