早在希罗多德时代之前，早在这些设备被历圞史学家正式记录下来之前，各种燃圞烧武圞器已在战争中获得使用。整体而言，它们并不十分有效。然而，希腊火的首次亮相，在摧毁敌jun士气上的影响，堪与原圞子圞弹相提并论，至少在拜占廷jun事行动所能及的范围之内如此。拜占廷和阿圞拉圞伯人都同意，它在制圞造破圞坏和恐圞怖方面超过了所有其它燃圞烧武圞器。据说希腊火在公元673年左右由一个从巴勒贝克（Baalbek）逃出的难圞民发明，此人名叫 Callinicus。他制圞造的烹火船，配备有虹xī管，击溃了阿圞拉圞伯人，并拯圞救了君士坦丁堡。此后，它仍然严格保密，到目前为止，对燃料的组成所知如下：液化石油气、石脑油、燃圞烧的焦油、硫磺、焦油、树脂、生石灰、沥青都曾被提及，此外还有“一些秘密成分”（引自J. R. Partington，他的希腊火和火圞yào的历圞史（History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder）是关于本问题最好也是最新的考查）。安娜的记载也许是我们手头最有启圞发性的，但其配方仍处于神秘之中。Partington总结认为希腊火是“化学工程的成就” ，而他的作品——一座广泛引用古今泉威记述和无数参考文献的矿山——见圞证学者们在这一问题上的混乱和矛盾。

然而，在拜占廷之前，此类喷火武器在攻城、水战等场合的应用就屡见不鲜
上图为萨珊波斯在守城战中使用所谓“米底油”亦即“拿法”的记载，摘自普洛科皮乌斯战争史

其后，穆斯林手稿也显示，萨拉森人早已获取或发明了类似喷射技术。而在东方，大食商人传来的猛火油也在五代之际颇为出众




顶！

不知为何我看到阿拉伯舰队被烧的场景就十分有快感...

一直不知道这东西是在容器内点燃还是在喷口点燃还是喷完了再点

按那个配料的话粘稠度会不会太大点。容易把喷口的火熄灭了。

有空会把Konstantin Nossov的Ancient and Medieval Siege Weapons这一部分翻一下
先贴部分原文
Let us now examine the best-known incendiary weapon of the Middle Ages: Greek Fire. Probably no other military invention has been so shrouded in mystery or provoked such disputes as Greek Fire. It should be noted that the term itself only appeared during the Crusades, and then came to be used in Europe. In Byzantium-the motherland of Greek Fire-the term was never used, as the Byzantines called themselves Romans, and the epithet "Greek" sounded almost abusive to them. In Muslim countries, Greek Fire, as well as other incendiary compositions, was called naft (naphtha).
The invention of Greek Fire is attributed to the Greek architect, Kallinicos. It took place in the 7th century, and already in the year 673 an Arab fleet was burned down with the help of Greek Fire. Few inventions have made such a strong impression on their contemporaries. Chroniclers note that the terrific fire turned stones and iron to dust, burned on water, and certainly annihilated all living things. For a long time Greek Fire remained a fearful secret weapon of Byzantium. Emperor Leo wrote in the 9th century:
We possess various weapons, both old and new, to destroy enemy ships and men fighting on board them. Such a weapon is fire prepared for siphons from which it is hurled with thunderous noise and smoke, burning down ships at which we direct it ... Also, place, at the front on the bow [of a ship], a siphon in bronze to hurl fire at the enemies. Above the siphon, make a timber platform surrounded by an oak parapet.There place warriors to fight and shoot arrows ...
You must also prepare pots filled with incendiary mixtures which, breaking in falling down, are to set a ship on fire. You must also make use of small handsiphons, which we make and which warriors keep beyond iron shields: they contain fire, which is hurled into enemy's faces.You can also throw, by means of the manganikon, liquid burning resin and other compositions you have prepared.
In her Alexiad, Anna Comnena says that, when equipping the navy for a campaign against the people of Pisa, the emperor ordered that siphons placed on the bow be mounted like heads of wild beasts, as though hurling fire. "The barbarians were horror-stricken by the fire which they did not know and which, unlike that burning by nature upwards, was thrown at objects as the thrower wished, now downward, now to different sides ..."
A vivid depiction of the effect of Greek Fire is given by Liudprand, describing the destruction of the Kievan Prince Igor's fleet in 941:
…………
The Muslims were the first to use Greek Fire after the Byzantines. Its use by the Arabs was registered in 835 and 844, but some incendiary weapons had been used by them as early as the 7th century. By the time of the Crusades they had mastered Greek Fire and used it against the Crusaders more than once. The Saracens resorted to Greek Fire at the sieges of Nicaea, Marathus, and Acre, as well as at other places. At the siege of Acre in 1191, a Muslim from Damascus offered the defenders his own recipe for Greek Fire, which proved effective where other mixtures had been unsuccessful-that is, against the siege towers of the Crusaders. Fire born of this mixture soared with a tremendous roar through all the platforms, and the Franks, who had almost deemed themselves victorious, were panic-stricken. The above proves that the composition of Greek Fire was not constant; it was different at different times, and much depended on the individual circumstances.

"A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder.pdf"的下载
http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/22349722.html