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Obj 260: TheSoviet Heavy SPGs
毛系重型自行火炮系列---260工程
4 JANUARY 2018 ~VEROXGAMING
Thanks toDeadArashi for sending this to us.
Greetingseveryone, today I’m going to be doing this brief article to give some insightinto the heavy SPGs designed to utilize the chassis of the Object 260 heavytank, more commonly known as the IS-7. There were 4 designs mentioned to usethe chassis:
嗨小朋友们大家好，今天的这篇情报是关于从260工程（IS-7）重型坦克底盘衍生出的自行火炮系列，该系列一共有四种方案。
Obj 261-1 后被重新设计为261工程
Obj 261-2 后被重新设计为262工程
Obj 261-3
Obj 263
Informationregarding the Obj 261-2 and 261-3 is actually rather hard to find, there’s animage of a mock-up which some sources claim as the Obj 262 with its 152mm,others the Obj 261-3 with its 180mm. The Obj 261-1 actually has a fair amountof information but no actual designs (that are readily available on theinternet anyway). So while I might not be able to provide a full comprehensivedevelopment history of all the tanks, I will be able to provide details regardingthe development history of the armaments.
实际上关于261-2工程 和261-3工程的信息十分难搞，有一张模型的照片显示262工程装的是152mm炮，261-3工程是装的是180mm炮。261-1的相关信息在网上满地都是但是没有事实上被设计出来。因此，虽然我可能无法提供所有坦克的全面发展历史，但我能够提供有关军备发展历史的详细资料。
The Obj 263 hasa good amount of info regarding it as well as a photo of the mock-up built forit.
263工程则是有大量的信息和一个模型的照片。
If you want toknow more about the Object 730 based Obj 268 then I recommend this articlewhich has everything you need to know about its development:http://tankarchives….destroyers.html
如果你们想看更多关于以730工程为基础的268工程的资料我推荐你们去看看这篇文章：http://tankarchives.blogspot.com.au/2016/09/the-last-soviet-heavy-tank-destroyers.html
Enjoy.

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====from NOKIA lumia1520 （win10 mobile）

都难以超越我t92的巨根

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261工程系列: 261, 262 和 261-3
The Object 261was developed around 1947 in the Kirov Plant (Factory No. 100) who were themost experienced with the Obj 260. This was because, along with the chassis,the M-50T engine as well as transmission would remain the same throughout thedevelopment. The engine, as already stated, was to remain the M-50T which wasdesigned for torpedo boats and originally derived from the ACh-30 aircraftengine and produced 1,050hp which had already been fitted into the IS-7.
261工程是1947年左右由最熟悉260工程的基洛夫工厂设计的。主要是因为无论是底盘、M-50T发动机还是传动系统都跟着项目一起用到老。FA动机还是用过去为鱼雷艇设计、来源于Ach-30航空发动机并且已经安装在-7上的M-50T，它能提供1050马力的动力。
No officialdesigns are readily available on the internet depicting the Obj 261-1, howeverthere is text referring to the Obj 261 as being as an enclosed, forwardfighting compartment. It’s unknown how it could have looked, but it’s safe toassume the casement would visually be similar to that of the Obj 261-3 or theObj 263. The more likely design would have been the former as development notesstate that the casement of the Obj 263 was redesigned.
网络上并没有公开的261-1工程的官方信息，但是有文件声称261工程是个不知道长什么样子的前置封闭战斗室的东西。不过可以说这车的观察窗长得很像261-3工程和263工程，更可能的情况是作为重新设计观察窗的263工程的原型车。
Text tells thatthe role in hostile engagements was not planned during its design. Due to thisthe fighting compartment was lightly armored with no value given, however thehull retained a considerable amount noted at 150 to 215mm on the hull front.The estimated weight was to be about 68 tons, the same weight as the IS-7 itself.This gave it a respectable power to weight of 15.44 hp/t. The designerscalculated that with the M-50T engine and the subsequent power to weight, a topspeed of 55km/h would have been achievable.
文件中提到这车设计的时候没有考虑到它在交战中的定位，这是因为它的战斗室没什么装甲【而且没有具体的装甲数值】然而车体正面装甲还是保留了150到215mm这一合理的数字。这车的战斗全重是跟-7差不多的68吨左右，设计者认为配合M-50T发动机的澎湃动力可以使它的单位功率达到15.44hp/t的可观数字，并且能跑到55km/h的急速。
For a heavy SPGit would have been well armored and quite mobile, the gun allowing it to engagetargets both directly and indirectly.
对于作为其重型自行火炮的角色而言，它的装甲和机动都堪称完美，而且它的主炮既可以直瞄射击也可以曲射打击敌方目标。

Two possibledesigns of the Obj 261 mounting the 152mm M31
两种装152mm M31主炮的261工程想象图。

后续度娘不让发，就截图了。

The thirddesign, Obj 261-3, was to be the same as the Obj 262 in every way except forthe armament, it was planned to use the 180mm MU-1. In 1939, the technicalrequirements were given for it to have the same ballistic properties as theB-1-P. In the same year, Factory #172 designed the MU-1. One year later, workon the gun stopped due to the MU-2 project but was then restarted in 1943. In1945, a GKO (Government Short-term Commitment) decree has a batch of MU-1 gunsproduced without testing a prototype. The Barrikada factory in Leningradproduced 12 oscillating elements for the guns in 1947 while, or LMZ, produced12 mounts. By 1948, twelve 180mm MU-1 guns had been assembled. This puts themreadily available to be mounted on the heavy SPG Obj 261-3. But with thecancellation of the development it was never meant to be and all the guns wereused either as coastal batteries or on naval ships.
名为261-3的第三种设计在除了主炮之外的地方都跟262工程相同，180mm MU-1作为其计划中的主炮。1939(?)年制定的技术指标要求其与180mm B-1-P的弹道性能相同。同年172厂设计出了MU-1.一年后由于MU-2计划的出现项目被砍掉，但是1943年它又复活了。1945年，由于有政府短期承诺保底，MU-1在没有测试原型机的情况下被生产出来。1947年列宁格勒的Barrikada工厂生产了12门炮的零件，一年后于LeningradskyMetallichesky 工厂组装。至此，这十二门炮已经可以安装在261-3工程上了。但不久后整个项目被砍掉，这些主炮再也不能作为坦克主炮并最终用于岸炮或者舰炮。
Had developmentcontinued the Obj 261-3 would most likely have been re-designated as the Obj264 due to the Obj 263 designation already in use by another heavy SPG, alsodesigned by the Kirov Plant.
因为263工程的名字已经被另一个重型自行火炮项目使用了，261-3工程可能之后被重新设计并命名为264工程，这个项目也由基洛夫工厂设计。

Object 261-3mounting the 180 mm MU-1
装180mm MU-1的261-3工程想象图。

Object 263
263工程
In 1950, theKirov Plant completed a job on the basis of the IS-7. This project received thedesignation of Object 263. The project originated as a series of three priordesigns, the Obj 261, 262 and 261-3. When the time came to design the Obj 263,choices made for the previous SPG were shared to ultimately create this finaltank. Once again the M-50T engine as well as transmission from the IS-7 wouldbe used.
1950年，基洛夫设计局完成了对IS-7的初步设计，并被指定用于263工程。263工程起源于之前的261工程、262工程和261-3工程。当263工程进行的时候，先前的设计经验被汇总最终创造出这辆终极战车。这个项目再一次沿用了IS-7上的M-50T FA♂动机和传动系统。
The armor was tobe much thicker on the Obj 263 over the previous designs, the upper hull platewas to be 300 mm thick with the sides at 90 mm and rear of 70 mm. The fightingcompartment, still located in the rear like the Obj 262 and 261-3, wasredesigned and offered protection with 250 mm of armor at the front while thesides and rear were to be 70 mm thick.
263工程的装甲防护远远强于它的前辈们，前装甲厚达300mm，侧面也有90mm，就连菊部都有70mm的防护。战斗室就跟在262和261-3上设计的一样是后置的。但是防护被提升到正面250mm侧后70mm。

Object 263mounting the 130 mm S-70A
装130mm S-70A的263工程想象图。

The gun wasbased on the 130 mm B-7 naval gun where it had received substantialmodernization to the point that so little was in common with the originalexcept for the caliber. The improved gun, S-70A, was a large size with a barrellength of 57.2 calibers, or 10.29m. The size of the gun breech was also increasedas well as the recoil device. The increased breech size caused an issue in thatfiring the gun would cause the recoil to hit the back wall of the fightingcompartment. This was an issue they had encountered when designing the Obj 262and 261-3. The solution was the same. The back was hinged at the bottom andwould open downward when in position, the dozer blade would then dig into theground and reduce the rocking of the tank when firing, allowing the gunner tore-align the gun faster.
263工程的主炮基于魔改的130mm B-7舰炮，但事实上由于大量的现代化改造，S70-A各项数据除了口径都是B-7望尘莫及的。S-70A是一门57.2倍径的主炮，长度达到了10.29米。炮尾和炮口制退器也被加长了。但这引发了一个问题，由于炮尾太长，开火之后会撞到战斗室后壁。这个问题也曾发生在262工程和261-3工程上，当然解决办法也是一样的——战斗室后壁底部使用铰链连接，当战斗室后壁放下的时候，后壁上的助锄也会放下，这使得车体摇摆减小，炮手也可以更快的复位主炮。
There was a moresevere downside to this though, because of the increased breech size, theassisted loading mechanism from the IS-7 could not be used, this caused theestimated rate of fire per minute to only be calculated at 1.5 shots per minuteas opposed to the IS-7’s six shots per minute. To compensate for this, it wasthe view of the military and developers that it would be used to utilize thefeatures of the long-barrel. From a distance of 2,000m using the AP roundBR-482, the S-70A was capable of penetrating 170mm of homogeneous armor at aflat meeting angle of 90 degrees.
这还不算完，更严重的缺点是因为炮尾加的太长了，导致IS-7上的半自动装弹机用不了，这导致主炮射速从IS-7的6发每分钟暴跌到1.5发每分钟。正所谓射速不够，穿深来凑，军方和研究人员干脆利用它超长的身管发射BR-482穿甲弹，这让他在2KM的射程还有高达170mm匀制钢的穿深。